Wearing improperly fitted shoes, walking barefoot, or frequent frictions or repeated pressure to an area of the skin are common causes of plantar calluses. Generally not harmful, calluses are a build-up of hard skin that acts as a protective barrier against pressure or friction which is why they are generally found beneath the weight bearing surfaces on the bottom of the foot. While they can be uncomfortable, plantar calluses are very treatable.
Causes of Plantar Calluses
As mentioned, excessive pressure or friction to the bottom part of your foot can cause a callus to form. The worst offenders that may cause a plantar callus to form seem to be shoes that do not fit the wearer correctly or high heels designed for fashion purposes rather than practicality and comfort. Athletes are also among those who suffer most from plantar calluses. Additionally, there is evidence that links smoking to the development of calluses. Smoking causes constriction of vessels in the extremities that can lead to damage to subcutaneous tissue.
Plantar Callus Symptoms
Plantar calluses are very common since our feet are major supporters of our body weight. When a callus develops it is the body’s natural way of forming a protective barrier to whatever is causing irritation to the area. For this reason, plantar calluses may be large enough to cover a wide span of the heel or the ball of the foot. The affected area may be gray or yellowish and the skin is often hard, rough, dry, and/or flaky.
Plantar calluses are very treatable and can be treated at home. Soaking your feet in warm water for about ten minutes and then applying a rich moisturizer after the skin is thoroughly dried helps to soften the callus. This method should do the trick. Pesky calluses may need to be trimmed down using pumice stones or a metal file. Be sure to use these tools after you soak in the warm water and prior to moisturizing. Pads and inserts that provide more support when wearing shoes can be effective in treating existing calluses as well as preventing calluses in the future.
When should I consult a doctor?
If home treatments do not work, a doctor’s visit may be in order. A podiatrist has tools and medications that will treat plantar calluses that cannot be remedied at home. Your doctor will also provide advice on how to prevent calluses from forming in the future.
While plantar calluses are very common and most are not cause for concern, if neglected for too long a period, calluses can lead to other issues such as skin ulceration or infection. Additionally, it is recommended that you see a doctor if any of the following pertains to you:
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- You have diabetes, heart disease, or circulatory problems and a new plantar callus develops or you notice a significant change in an existing callus.
- The callus has a clear or pus-like discharge.
- Calluses are reoccurring.
- The callus is red, painful and/or warm to the touch.